中华优秀传统文化英文解读翻译

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Unit 1

Text A

中国幅员辽阔，是世界上最重视"吃"的民族。经过几千年的发展，形成了博大精深的"食文化"。 China, with its vast territory, is the nation in the world that attaches the greatest importance to "eating". After thousands of years of development, it has formed a profound "food culture".

长期以来，各地由于选用不同的原料，不同的配料，采用不同的烹调方法，因而形成了各自的独风味和不同的菜系。其中，较为著名的八大菜系是川菜、粤菜、苏菜、湘菜、闽菜、徽菜、浙和鲁菜。 For a long time, due to the use of different raw materials, different ingredients and different cooking methods, different places have developed their own unique flavors and different cuisines. Among them, the more famous eight cuisines are Sichuan cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Suzhou cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Fujian cuisine, Anhui cuisine, Zhejiang cuisine and Lu cuisine.

Text B

中国茶文化是中国制茶、饮茶的文化。中国是茶的故乡。据说中国人发现并利用茶，始于神农时代，少说也有4700多年了。直到现在,中国人还有以茶代礼的风俗。潮州工夫茶作为中国茶文化的古典流派，集中了中国茶道文化的精粹，作为中国茶道的代表入选国家级非物质文化遗产。日本的煎茶道、中国台湾地区的泡茶道都来源于中国广东潮州的工夫茶。

Chinese tea culture is the culture of tea making and drinking in China. China is the hometown of tea. The Chinese are said to have discovered and used tea since the Shen Nong era, less than 4,700 years ago. Up to now, Chinese still have the custom of substituting tea for ceremony. Chaozhou Gongfu tea, as a classical school of Chinese tea culture, concentrates the essence of the Chinese tea ceremony culture, and has been selected as a representative of the Chinese tea ceremony in the national intangible cultural heritage. The Japan's sencha ceremony and the way of tea-making in Taiwan, China come from the Chaozhou Gongfu tea.

Text C

饺子在宋代的时候传入到了蒙古。饺子传到了蒙古后，很快受到了蒙古豪爽奔放的性格的影响。饺子在蒙古语中的读音类似于“匾食”。饺子的样式也由原来馅小皮薄变成了馅大皮厚的样子。随着蒙古帝国的征伐，扁食传到了世界各地。因此就出现了俄罗斯饺子、哈萨克斯坦饺子、朝鲜饺子等多个品种的饺子。蒙古帝国给中国饺子向世界的传播做出了极大的贡献。在明代的书籍资料上也证实了这点。 Dumplings were introduced to Mongolia during the Song Dynasty. Soon afterwards, they acquired a touch of the bold and unrestrained character of the Mongolian people. The pronunciation of “Jiaozi" in Mongolian is similar to “Bianshi". The style of the dumpling also changed from a small filling with thin wrapper to a large filling with thick wrapper. Along with the Mongol Empire's expedition, “Bianshi" spread to different places of the world. As a result, many kinds of dumplings appeared, such as Russian dumplings, Kazakhstan dumplings, Korean dumplings, etc. The Mongol Empire contributed greatly to the spread of Chinese dumplings to the world. This is also confirmed by the books and documents of the Ming Dynasty.

Unit 2

Text A

中华民族在五千年悠久历史中，以其独特的中医中药文化，探索的大中医生命之道，在拯救人类危机的历史进程中，必将成为无可替代的主导。

In its long history of 5,000 years, the Chinese nation, with its unique culture of traditional Chinese medicine, has explored the great TCM way of life, which is bound to become irreplaceable and leading in the historical process of saving human crises.

大中医生命之道，是后现代世界医治疑难杂症、化解医疗危机，进而转变发展方式、推动循环经济、创新经济模式，乃至提升生命质量、和谐人类生命、实现未来文明的重要法宝。中医中药文化凝聚了中国五千年文化深邃的哲学智慧，是打开中华文明宝库的钥匙。 The great TCM way of life is an important magic weapon for the post-modern world to cure difficult and complicated diseases, resolve medical crises, transform development modes, promote circular economy and innovative economic models, and even improve the quality of life, harmonize human life and realize future civilization. The culture of traditional Chinese medicine embodies the profound philosophical wisdom of China's 5,000-year-old culture and is the key to the treasure house of Chinese civilization.

Text B

中医理论，即中医基础理论，是以天人合一三个哲学观的整体理念与辨证论治、相似观 (分形观) 的循证观点为最大特色的祖国传统医学体系的基础与核心。中医基础理论的学说主要包括分形阴阳五行学说、藏象五系统(心系统、肝系统、脾系统、肺系统、肾系统) 学说、五运六气学说、气血精津液神学说(气，即信息 -能量物质学说)、体质学说、病因学说、病机学说及养生学说、分形经络说等，其中以藏象五系统学说为核心，信息 - 能量 -物质学说为基础，全面系统地阐述了人体的生理、病理现象，并用于指导临床诊疗活动。

Chinese medicine theory, or the basic theory of Chinese medicine, is the foundation and core of the traditional medical system of our motherland, which is characterized by the overall concept of the three philosophical views of the unity of heaven and man and the evidence-based perspectives of the identification and treatment of evidence and the similarity view (fractal view).

The basic theories of TCM include the theory of fractal yin and yang and the five elements, the theory of the five systems (heart system, liver system, spleen system, lung system, and kidney system), the theory of five movements and six qi, the theory of qi, blood, essence, fluid, and spirit (qi: information-energy-matter ternary-diversity theory), the theory of physiology, the theory of pathogenesis, the theory of disease mechanism, the theory of health maintenance, and the theory of fractal meridians, etc., with the theory of hidden inner properties and their external manifestations as the core, and the theory of information, energy, and the information-energy-matter doctrine as the basis.

It comprehensively and systematically describes the physiological and pathological phenomena of the human body, and is used to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment activities.

Text C

针灸学 (acupuncture and moxibustion) 是以中医理论为指导，研究经络腧穴及刺灸方法，探讨运用针灸防治疾病的一门学科。针灸学是祖国医学的重要组成部分，其内容包括经络、腧穴、针灸方法、临床治疗、针灸医经医籍、实验针灸等部分。针灸具有适应症广、疗效明显、操作方便、经济安全等优点，数千年来深受广大劳动人民的欢迎，对中华民族的繁衍昌盛作出了巨大的贡献。

Acupuncture and moxibustion is an academic discipline, which studies the meridians, acupoints and acupuncture methods and explores the use of acupuncture and moxibustion in the prevention and treatment of diseases. Acupuncture and moxibustion is an important part of the national medicine, including acupuncture, acupoints, acupuncture methods, clinical treatment, medical textbooks and records of acupuncture and moxibustion, experimental acupuncture etc.

Acupuncture has many advantages: with a wide range of adaptations, obvious therapeutic effect, being easy to operate, economical and safe, etc. For thousands of years, it has been popular with the working people and has made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Unit 5

Text A

中国山水画，简称"山水画"，是以山川自然景观为主要描写对象的中国画。

Chinese landscape painting, or "landscape painting" for short, is a Chinese painting that mainly depicts the natural landscape of mountains and rivers.

它形成于魏晋南北朝时期，但尚未从人物画中完全分离。隋唐时始独立，五代、北宋时趋于成熟，成为中国画的重要画科。

It was formed during the Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties period, but had not yet been completely separated from figure painting. It became independent during the Sui and Tang Dynasties period, and matured during the Five Dynasties period and the Northern Song Dynasty, becoming an important genre of Chinese painting.

中国山水画是中国人情思中最为厚重的沉淀。游山玩水的大陆文化意识，以山为德、水为性的内在修为意识，咫尺天涯的视错觉意识，一直成为山水画演绎的中轴主线。

Chinese landscape painting is the heaviest sediment of Chinese people's emotions. The consciousness of continental culture of playing in the mountains and rivers, the consciousness of inner cultivation with mountains as virtue and water as nature, and the consciousness of visual illusion of “so close, yet worlds apart” have always become the main axis of the interpretation of landscape painting.

从山水画中，我们可以集中体味中国画的意境、格调、气韵和色调。再没有哪一个画科能够像山水画那样给国人以更多的情感。

From landscape painting, we can focus on the mood, style, charm and tone of Chinese painting. There is no other painting that can give more emotions to the Chinese people as landscape painting does.

Text B

中国书法是一门古老的汉字的书写艺术，从甲骨文、石鼓文、金文（钟鼎文）演变而为大篆、小篆、隶书，至定型于东汉、魏、晋的草书、楷书、行书等。中国书法是一种很独特的视觉艺术，汉字是中国书法中的重要因素，因为中国书法是在中国文化里产生、发展起来的，而汉字是中国文化的基本要素之一。中国书法，以汉字为依托，是区别于其他种类书法的主要标志。

Chinese calligraphy is an ancient art of writing Chinese characters, which evolved from inscriptions on oracle bones, on drum-shaped stone blocks, and in bronze (Zhongding script) into Great Seal Script, Small Seal Script, and Official Script, to Cursive Script, Regular Script, and Running Script, which were set in the Eastern Han, Wei, and Jin Dynasties. Chinese calligraphy is a very unique visual art, and Chinese characters are an important element in Chinese calligraphy. This is because Chinese calligraphy was created and developed in Chinese culture, and Chinese characters are a basic element of Chinese culture. Chinese calligraphy, with its reliance on Chinese characters, is the main symbol that distinguishes it from other kinds of calligraphy.

Text C

龙门石窟是中国石刻艺术宝库之一，现为世界文化遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区。它位于河南省洛阳市洛龙区伊河两岸的龙门山与香山上。龙门石窟与莫高窟、云冈石窟、麦积山石窟并称中国四大石窟。

Longmen Grottoes is one of the treasures of Chinese stone carving art. It is now a world cultural heritage, national key cultural relics protection unit, national AAAAA level tourist attraction. It is located on Longmen Mountain and Xiang Mountain on the banks of the Yi River in Luolong District, Luoyang City, Henan Province. Longmen Grottoes, together with Mogao Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Maiji Mountain Grottoes, are known as the four major grottoes in China.

龙门石窟开凿于北魏孝文帝年间，之后历经东魏、西魏、北齐、隋、唐、五代、宋等朝代连续大规模营造达400余年之久。它南北长达1公里，今存有窟龛2345个，造像10万余尊，碑刻题记2800余品。

Longmen Grottoes were excavated during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Afterwards, it went through Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song and other dynasties to build continuously on a large scale for more than 400 years. It's about one kilometer from north to south. Today there are 2345 niches, more than 100,000 statues, and more than 2800 items of tablet inscriptions.

龙门石窟延续时间长，跨越朝代多，以大量的实物形象和文字资料从不同侧面反映了中国古代政治、经济、宗教、文化等许多领域的发展变化，对中国石窟艺术的创新与发展做出了重大贡献。

Longmen Grottoes has lasted a long time, spanning many dynasties. It reflects the development and changes in many fields like politics, economy, religion, and culture in ancient China from different aspects with a large number of physical images and written materials. Thus it has made significant contributions to the innovation and development of Chinese cave art.

Unit 6

Text A

汉语是分析语，有三到十五种声调。汉字是一种意音文字，兼具表意和表音功能。 The Chinese language is an analytic language with three to fifteen tones. Chinese characters are of a kind of ideo-phonetic system, which has both ideographic and phonetic functions.

汉语包含书面语和口语两部分。古代书面汉语被称为文言文，现代书面汉语被称为白话文，以现代标准汉语为规范。 The Chinese language consists of two parts: written and spoken. Ancient written Chinese is known as the classical Chinese (ancient Chinese) and modern written Chinese is known as writings in the vernacular, which is standardized by Modern Standard Chinese.

汉语有标准语和方言之分。 Chinese can be divided into standard language and dialects.

现代标准汉语以北京语音为标准音、以北方话为基础方言、以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范。 Modern Standard Chinese takes Beijing speech as the standard pronunciation, the northern dialect as the base dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm.

汉语有五个声调，在线新华字典现已经收录20959个汉字。 The Chinese language has five tones, and the online Xinhua Dictionary now contains 20,959 characters.

Text B

汉语方言是汉民族语言的地域性变体。

Chinese dialect is a regional variant of the language of the Han nationality.

汉语方言的内部发展规律服从于全民族共同语，同时又具有不同于其他方言的特征，在语音、词汇、语法方面都有自己的特点。

The internal development of the Chinese dialect is subordinated to the common language of the whole nation, and at the same time it has its own characteristics different from other dialects in terms of speech, vocabulary and grammar.

作为汉语的不同方言，必须具备两个条件:分布在不同地域;是古代汉语的发展结果。

As different dialects of Chinese, they must meet two conditions: They are distributed in different geographical areas; and they are the result of the development of the ancient Chinese language.

汉语方言与汉语的关系是个别与一般的关系。

The relationship between the Chinese dialects and the Chinese language is the relationship between the individual and the general.

Text C

甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中国的一种古代文字，被认为是现代汉字的早期形式。甲骨文出现在商朝晚期。当时，王室为了占卜记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻文字。这是中国最早的成体系的文字形式，现代汉字就是由甲骨文演变而来。

The oracle bone script, a form of ancient Chinese writing, is considered as an early form of modern Chinese characters. It emerged in the late Shang Dynasty. At that time, royal families carved words on tortoise shells or animal bones to keep a record of divination and events. This was China's earliest form of systematic writing, and it was from the oracle bone script that modern Chinese characters evolved.

值得一提的是，甲骨文属于象形文字，即利用线条或笔画把物体的外形特征勾画出来。如今，汉字虽然还保留着象形文字的某些特征，但经过数千年的演变，已跟原来的形象相去甚远。

What is worth mentioning is that the oracle bone script belongs to pictograph—the use of lines or strokes to sketch out the appearance or the feature of a physical object. Today, Chinese characters still keep certain features of pictograph, but after thousands of years of evolution, they have become very different from their original looks.

殷墟甲骨文的重大发现在中华文明乃至人类文明发展史上具有划时代的意义。 The great discovery of the oracle bone script in Yinxu is of epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese civilization and even human civilization. 甲骨文是迄今为止中国发现的年代最早的成熟文字系统，是汉字的源头和中华优秀传统文化的根脉，值得倍加珍视、更好传承发展。 The oracle bone script is the earliest dated mature writing system ever discovered in China. It is the source of Chinese characters and the root of excellent traditional Chinese culture, which deserves to be cherished and better inherited and developed.

Unit 7

Text A

京剧(Beijing Opera)，曾称平剧，是中国五大戏曲剧种之一。京剧腔调以西皮、二黄为主，用胡琴和锣鼓等伴奏，被视为中国国粹。

Beijing Opera, once known as Ping Opera, is one of the five major Chinese opera genres. It is regarded as a national treasure of China, with its tunes mainly based on Xipi and Erhuang, and accompanied by Huqin, gongs and drums, etc.

京剧的前身是徽剧。清代乾隆55年(1790年)起，原在南方演出的三庆、四喜、春台、和春，四大徽班陆续进入北京，他们与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作，同时又接受了昆曲、秦腔的部分剧目、曲调和表演方法,又吸收了一些民间曲调，通过不断的交流、融合，最终形成京剧。 The predecessor of Beijing Opera was Hui Opera. Since the 55th year reigned by the Emperor Qianlong(1790) of the Qing dynasty, the four Hui theatrical troupes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which used to perform in the south, entered Beijing one after another. They cooperated with the Han Opera artists from Hubei, and embraced some of the repertoire, tunes and performance methods of Kun Opera and Shaanxi Opera, and some other folk tunes, and eventually formed Beijing Opera through constant interaction and integration.

京剧走遍世界各地，成为介绍、传播中国传统艺术文化的重要媒介。2010年11月16日，京剧被列入"人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录"。

Beijing Opera has traveled around the world and become an important medium for introducing and spreading traditional Chinese art and culture. On November 16, 2010, Beijing Opera was inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Text B

景泰蓝(the Chinese cloisonné)是中国著名的特种金属工艺品之一。到明代景泰年间这种工艺技术制作达到了巅峰，制作出的工艺品最为精美而著名，故后人称这种瓷器为"景泰蓝"。

The Chinese cloisonné is one of the most famous special metal crafts in China. This technology reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty during the Jingtai period, producing the most exquisite and famous handicrafts. Therefore, this kind of porcelain was called "Jingtai Blue".

景泰蓝的装饰效果是这样形成的：首先要通过焊接(solder)或粘贴工艺用银线或金线给金属物件勾边，以将其分隔为几个小块。

The Cloisonné decoration is formed by first adding compartments to the metal object by soldering or sticking silver or gold threads placed on their edges, so as to separate it into several small pieces.

这些金银线在成品上依然能看到，它们将瓷釉或镶嵌物(enamel or inlays)的不同部分分隔开来，通常这些瓷釉或镶嵌物会有多种颜色。这项工艺至今在中国仍然很常见。 These gold or silver threads remain visible in the finished piece, separating the different compartments of the enamel or inlays, which are often of several colors. The technique still remains common in China to the present day.

Text C

青铜器(Bronze Ware)是由青铜合金(红铜与锡的合金)制成的器具，诞生于人类文明时期的青铜时代。青铜器在世界各地均有出现，是一种世界性文明的象征。

Bronze Ware is an instrument made of bronze alloy (an alloy of red copper and tin), which appeared during the Bronze Age of human civilization. Bronze was found all over the world and is a symbol of a cosmopolitan civilization.

最早的青铜器出现于6000年前的古巴比伦两河流域。苏美尔文明时期雕有狮子形象的大型铜刀是早期青铜器的代表。青铜器在2000多年前逐渐由铁器所取代。 The earliest bronzes appeared 6,000 years ago in the two river valleys of ancient Babylon. Large bronze knives carved with the image of a lion during the Sumerian civilization are representative of early bronzes. Bronze was gradually replaced by iron over 2000 years ago.

中国青铜器制作精美，在世界青铜器中享有极高的声誉和艺术价值，中国青铜器代表着中国4000多年青铜发展的高超技术与文化。

Chinese bronzes are beautifully made and enjoy a high reputation and artistic value in the world of bronzes, representing the superior technology and culture of China's 4,000 years of bronze development.

Unit 9

Text A

长城是中国古代的军事防御工程，是一道高大、坚固而连绵不断的长垣，用以限隔敌骑的行动。

The Great Wall is an ancient Chinese military defence project. It is a tall, sturdy, continuous wall used to limit the movement of enemy horsemen.

长城并不只是一道单独的城墙，而是由城墙、敌楼、关城、墩堡、营城、卫所、镇城烽火台等多种防御工事所组成的一个完整的防御工程体系。这一防御工程体系，由各级军事指挥系统层层指挥、节节控制。

The Great Wall is not just an isolated wall, but a complete defence engineering system composed of walls, enemy towers, customs cities, pier fortresses, barracks, guard towers, town beacon towers and other kinds of fortifications. This defensive engineering system is commanded and controlled by the military command system at all levels.

长城是中国也是世界上修建时间最长、工程量最大的一项古代防御工程，自西周时期开始，延续不断修筑了2000多年。长城分布于中国北部和中部的广大土地上，总计长度达5万多千米。

The Great Wall is the most time consuming and most massive ancient defence project in China and the world, and has been under continuous construction for more than 2,000 years since the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Great Wall spreads over a vast area of northern and central China, with a total length of more than 50,000 kilometers.

Text B

北京故宫，旧称为紫禁城，是中国明清两代的皇家宫殿。它位于北京中轴线的中心，是中国古代宫廷建筑之精华，是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一。

The Imperial Palace, formerly known as the Forbidden City, is a royal palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China. It is located in the center of Beijing's central axis and is the essence of ancient Chinese palace architecture. It is one of the world's largest and best-preserved timber-framed (木框架) ancient buildings.

北京故宫被誉为世界五大宫之首（北京故宫、法国凡尔赛宫、英国白金汉宫、美国白宫、俄罗斯克里姆林宫）。

The Forbidden City in Beijing is regarded as one of the top five palaces in the world (the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Palace of Versailles in France, Buckingham Palace in England, the White House in the United States, and the Kremlin in Russia).

北京故宫于明成祖永乐四年（1406年）开始建设，以南京故宫为蓝本营建，到永乐十八年（1420年）建成。

The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle, Ming Dynasty (1406) and was built on the model of the Forbidden City in Nanjing, and was completed in the 18th year of Yongle (1420).

它是一座长方形城池，南北长961米，东西宽753米，四面围有高10米的城墙，城外有宽52米的护城河。

It is a rectangular city, 961 meters long from north to south and 753 meters wide from east to west, surrounded on all sides by walls 10 meters high and a moat 52 meters wide.

紫禁城内的建筑分为外朝和内廷两部分。外朝的中心为太和殿、中和殿、保和殿，统称三大殿，是国家举行大典礼的地方。内廷的中心是乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫，统称后三宫，是皇帝和皇后居住的正宫。 The buildings in the Forbidden City are divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, collectively known as the Three Great Halls, which were the places where the great ceremonies of the country were held. The center of the inner court was the Qianqing Palace, the Jiaotai Palace, and the Kunning Palace, collectively known as the Three Hougongs, which were the main palaces where the emperor and empress lived.

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赵州桥又称安济桥，坐落在河北省石家庄市赵县的洨河上，横跨在37米多宽的河面上，因桥体全部用石料建成，当地称作"大石桥"。 Zhaozhou Bridge, also known as Anji Bridge, is located in Zhao County, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, and spans over the river with a width of 37 meters. Because the bridge is made of stone, it is locally called the "big stone bridge".

赵州桥建于隋朝年间公元595年—605年，由著名的匠师李春设计建造，距今已有1400多年的历史，是当今世界上现存第二早、保存最完整的古代单孔敞肩石拱桥。赵州桥是古代劳动人民智慧的结晶，开创了中国桥梁建造的崭新局面。

Zhaozhou Bridge was built in 595-605 AD during the Sui Dynasty. It was designed and built by the famous craftsman Li Chun and has a history of more than 1400 years. It is the second oldest and best preserved ancient single-hole open-shoulder stone arch bridge in the world today. Zhaozhou Bridge is the brainchild of the ancient Chinese working people, having opened up a new horizon for bridge construction in China.

The Importance of Reading Ability and How to Develop It

As the most frequently used way to get access to theoriginal material, reading has always beenconsidered one of the most important parts oflanguage learning. This explains why reading skills should be highly emphasized.

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